The literature provides however several other techniques such as coating with a bioactive compound that will stimulate the integration and successful outcome for the patient. Current knowledge reveals that the design of the implants closely mimicking the native structure is more likely to become well integrated. Furthermore, it gives an insight into the current state-of-art biomechanical testing of the stability of the implants. This review provides a comprehensive discussion of current knowledge regarding implant-tissue interfaces within bone and cartilage as well as novel approaches to strengthen the implant-tissue interface. Numerous methods have been employed to improve the process of modifying both stability types.

Advances in research aim to improve implant integration resulting in enhanced implant and tissue interface. Successful integration of an implant within the tissue depends on both stabilities and is vital for short- and long-term surgical outcomes. The stability of the implant has been defined as primary (mechanical) and secondary (biological integration) stability. The ultimate goal of implantation is to obtain a complete integration between the implant and tissue resulting in long-term stability. Bleeding is followed by the establishment of a provisional matrix that is gradually transformed into the native tissue. Integration of the implants placed in poorly vascularized tissue such as articular cartilage is, therefore, more challenging than compared with the implants placed in well-vascularized tissues such as bone. Bleeding is the first and most relevant step of the healing process because blood provides growth factors and cellular material necessary for tissue repair. The implantation process leads to injury which needs to heal over time and the rapidity of this process as well as the property of restored tissue impact directly the strength of the interface. The interface between a surgical implant and tissue consists of a complex and dynamic environment characterized by mechanical and biological interactions between the implant and surrounding tissue. 2The Center for Renewable Carbon, Institute of Agriculture, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States.1Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, United States.Harper 2, Pierre-Yves Mulon 1 and David E. Grzeskowiak 1 *, Jim Schumacher 1, Madhu S.

The Impact of Implants by A.B. Higgins